Reducing Approval of Benevolent Sexism: An Educational Intervention

  • Jessica J. Good
  • Julia A. Woodzicka

Abstract

The effectiveness of a brief educational intervention in reducing undergraduate participants’ approval of benevolent sexism was evaluated across two studies. Results demonstrated that participants who read an intervention essay about benevolent sexism reported decreased benevolent sexism scores in both studies compared to those who read a control essay. In Study 1, participants in the intervention condition also indicated less liking for a profiled benevolent sexist than control participants, and these effects were still present at 6 month follow-up. Study 2 showed that the intervention successfully increased par- ticipants’ recognition of benevolent sexism as prejudice and increased ratings of the severity of a benevolent sexist incident. Implications for implementing this type of intervention are discussed. 

References

CNNMoney (2006, April 17). Women CEO’s of FOR-TUNE 500 companies. Retrieved October 25, 2007 from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/womenceos/.

Dardenne, B., Dumont, M., & Bollier, T. (2007). Insidious dangers of benevolent sexism: Consequences for women’s performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 764-779.

Eagly, A. H., & Mladinic, A. (1989). Gender stereo-types and attitudes toward women and men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 543- 558.

Gill, M. J. (2004). When information does not deter stereotyping: Prescriptive stereotyping can foster bias under conditions that deter descriptive stereotyping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 619-632.

Glick, P., Diebold, J., Bailey-Werner, B., & Zhu, L. (1997). The two faces of Adam: Ambivalent sexism and polarized attitudes toward women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1323-1334.

Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.

Glick, P. & Fiske, S. T. (2001). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56, 109-118.

Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B., et al. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 763-775.

Good, J. J., & Rudman, L. A. (in press). When female applicants meet sexist interviewers: The costs to a target of benevolent sexism. Sex Roles.

Higgins, E. T., & Rholes, W. S. (1978). Saying is believing: Effects of message modification on memory and liking for the person described. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 363-378.

Hill, M. E., & Augoustinos, M. (2001). Stereotype change and prejudice reduction: Short- and long- term evaluation of a cross-cultural awareness pro- gramme. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 11, 243-262.

Jost, J. T., & Kay, A. C. (2005). Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 498-509.

Kilianski, S. E. & Rudman, L. A. (1998). Wanting it both ways: Do women approve of benevolent sexism? Sex Roles, 39, 333-353.

Krahe, B., & Altwasser, C. (2006). Changing Negative Attitudes Towards Persons with Physical Dis- abilities: An Experimental Intervention. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 16, 59-69.

Levy, S. R. (1999). Reducing prejudice: Lessons from social-cognitive factors underlying perceiver differences in prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 55, 745-765.

McCauley, C., Wright, M., & Harris, M. E. (2000). Diversity workshops on campus: A survey of current practice at U.S. colleges and universities. College Student Journal, 34, 100–114.

Monteith, M. J. (1993). Self-regulation of prejudiced responses: Implications for progress in prejudice- reduction efforts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 469-485.

Moya, M., Glick, P., Expósito, F., de Lemus, S., & Hart, J. (2007). It’s for your own good: Benevolent sexism and women’s reactions to protectively justified restrictions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1421-1434.

Nelson, T. D. (2006). The psychology of prejudice (2nd ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Paulhus, D. L. (1988). Assessing self-deception and impression management in self-reports: The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding. (Manual available from the author at the Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada V6T 1Y7.)

Swim, J. K., Hyers, L. L., Cohen, L. L., & Ferguson, M. J. (2001). Everyday sexism: Evidence for its incidence, nature, and psychological impact from three daily diary studies. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 31-53.

U.S. Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau. (2002). Facts on working women: Women in high tech jobs. Retrieved January 31, 2007 from http:// www.dol.gov/wb/factsheets/hitech02.htm.

Vescio, T. K., Gervais, S. J., Snyder, M., & Hoover, A. (2005). Power and the creation of patronizing environments: The stereotype-based behaviors of the powerful and their effects on female performance in masculine domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 658-672.

Viki, G., Abrams, D., & Hutchison, P. (2003). The “true” romantic: Benevolent sexism and paternalistic chivalry. Sex Roles, 49, 533-537.

Published
2010-05-10
Section
Articles